Investing

A brief history of compound interest

From ancient ledgers to your phone: the oldest idea in finance.

Sam Okafor

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7 min read

photo of library shelves

Compound interest is older than coins. Clay tablets from Mesopotamia record loans where interest was added to the principal and charged again.

From merchants to mathematicians

Medieval merchants used compound tables to price long voyages. In the 1600s, mathematicians found that compounding more often approaches a natural limit, the number we now call e.

Why it still matters

The math has not changed in four thousand years. What has changed is access. Daily compounding used to be reserved for banks. Now it can run on everyone’s savings.

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